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G. Developing Historical Skills
Connecting history with Geology and Geography
Because human history takes place across the surface of the earth, both the physical science of geology and the social science of geography are important to historians. Answer the following questions about the geological and geographical setting of North American history.

1. What are the two major mountain chains that border the great mid-continental basin drained by the Mississippi River system?

2. What great geological event explains the formation of the Great Lakes, the St. Lawrence River system, the Columbia-Snake River system, and Great Salt Lake?

3. How did this same geological even isolate the human population of the Americas from that of Asia?

4. Given the original geographical origins of he Indian populations, in which direction did their earliest migrations across North America occur: from southeast to north and west, from southwest to north and east, or from northwest to south and east?

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H. Map Mastery — Map Discrimination
Using the maps and charts in Chapter 1, answer the following questions.
1. Then the first Indians passed through the "ice corridor" into the present-day territory of the United States, were they closer to the Atlantic or the Pacific?

2. The American Declaration of Independence occurred exactly 169 years between what other two major events in American history?

3. List five Indian Tribes that lived in each of the following regions of North America:
(a) Southwest

(b) Great Plains

(c) Northeast

(d) Southeast.

4. Of the principal Spanish explorers – Columbus, Balboa, de León, Cortés, Pizarro, de Soto, and Coronado – which four never visited the territory or territorial waters of the land that eventually became part of the Unite States?

5. In the European trade routes with Asia and the East Indies, what common destination could be reached by the Middle route, the Southern route, and da Gama's ocean route?

6. Of the four major routes to Asia and the East Indies, which one went almost entirely over land?

7. On the map of "Principal Voyages of Discovery," which explorer proceeded from south to north (rather than north to south) along the coast of the Americas?

8. Who was the first explorer to sail the Pacific?

9. According to the 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas, how much of North America was allotted to the Portuguese: one-half, one-third, one-fourth, or none?

10. Of the four North American tribes discussed in the text (pp. 8-9), which ones lived in territory visited by de Soto in 1539-1542? (See maps pp. 8 and 18).